Pharoah's Duties
The Pharaoh’s duty is to take care of his/her
people and feed them like they are his/her children. Whoever breaks the law must
suffer the consequences. The Pharaoh has to do everything to protect the land
and people from foreign invasion or threats from within.
people and feed them like they are his/her children. Whoever breaks the law must
suffer the consequences. The Pharaoh has to do everything to protect the land
and people from foreign invasion or threats from within.
Cleopatra
Cleopatra with Egyption Goddess HathorName: Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator
Occupation: Pharaoh of Egypt
Born: October, 69 BC
Died: August, 30 BC
Best known for: The last pharaoh of Ancient
Place of death: Alexandria, Egypt
Children: Caesarion, Cleopatra Selene II, Alexander Helios, Ptolemy Philadelphus
Parents: Ptolemy XII Auletes, Cleopatra V of Egypt
Occupation: Pharaoh of Egypt
Born: October, 69 BC
Died: August, 30 BC
Best known for: The last pharaoh of Ancient
Place of death: Alexandria, Egypt
Children: Caesarion, Cleopatra Selene II, Alexander Helios, Ptolemy Philadelphus
Parents: Ptolemy XII Auletes, Cleopatra V of Egypt
Cleopatra on coins
Early Life
Cleopatra was born a princess of Egypt. Her father was the Pharaoh Ptolemy VII. Cleopatra was smart and cunning growing up. She was her father's favourite child and learned a lot about how the country was ruled by him.
Cleopatra's family had ruled Egypt for 300 years. They were the Ptolemy dynasty that had been established by the Greek ruler Alexander the Great. Even though they ruled Egypt, they were actually of Greek descent. Cleopatra grew up speaking, reading, and writing Greek. Unlike many of her relatives, Cleopatra also learned many other languages including Egyptian and Latin.
When Cleopatra was eighteen years old her father died. He left the throne to both
her and her younger brother, Ptolemy VIII. Cleopatra and her ten-year-old brother were married and were to rule Egypt together. Because she was much older, Cleopatra quickly took control as the main ruler of Egypt. However, as her brother grew older he began to want more power. Eventually he forced Cleopatra from the palace and took over as Pharaoh.
Cleopatra was born a princess of Egypt. Her father was the Pharaoh Ptolemy VII. Cleopatra was smart and cunning growing up. She was her father's favourite child and learned a lot about how the country was ruled by him.
Cleopatra's family had ruled Egypt for 300 years. They were the Ptolemy dynasty that had been established by the Greek ruler Alexander the Great. Even though they ruled Egypt, they were actually of Greek descent. Cleopatra grew up speaking, reading, and writing Greek. Unlike many of her relatives, Cleopatra also learned many other languages including Egyptian and Latin.
When Cleopatra was eighteen years old her father died. He left the throne to both
her and her younger brother, Ptolemy VIII. Cleopatra and her ten-year-old brother were married and were to rule Egypt together. Because she was much older, Cleopatra quickly took control as the main ruler of Egypt. However, as her brother grew older he began to want more power. Eventually he forced Cleopatra from the palace and took over as Pharaoh.
Julius Caesar
In 48 BC, Julius Caesar arrived in Egypt. Cleopatra secretly snuck back into the palace hidden inside a rolled up carpet. She met with Caesar and convinced him to help her win back the throne. Caesar defeated Ptolemy's army at the Battle of Nile. Ptolemy drowned in the Nile River and Cleopatra became the only ruler of Egypt. Cleopatra used Caesar's help to rule Egypt. Soon Cleopatra and Julius Caesar fell in love. They had a child named Caesarion.
In 48 BC, Julius Caesar arrived in Egypt. Cleopatra secretly snuck back into the palace hidden inside a rolled up carpet. She met with Caesar and convinced him to help her win back the throne. Caesar defeated Ptolemy's army at the Battle of Nile. Ptolemy drowned in the Nile River and Cleopatra became the only ruler of Egypt. Cleopatra used Caesar's help to rule Egypt. Soon Cleopatra and Julius Caesar fell in love. They had a child named Caesarion.
Ruling as Pharaoh
Despite her romance with Caesar, Cleopatra wanted Egypt to remain independent of Rome. She built up the Egyptian economy, establishing trade with many Arab nations. She was a popular ruler among the people of Egypt because she embraced the Egyptian culture and because the country was prosperous during her rule.
Despite her romance with Caesar, Cleopatra wanted Egypt to remain independent of Rome. She built up the Egyptian economy, establishing trade with many Arab nations. She was a popular ruler among the people of Egypt because she embraced the Egyptian culture and because the country was prosperous during her rule.
Marc Antony
In 44 BC, Julius Caesar was murdered and Cleopatra returned to Egypt. One of the three leaders to emerge in Rome after Caesar's death was Marc Antony. In 41 BC, Cleopatra and Marc Antony met and fell in love. They also formed a military alliance against another of Roman leaders, Octavian. He was the legal heir of Julius Caesar. Cleopatra wanted her son, Caesarion, to be Caesar's heir and to eventually become ruler of Rome. She hoped that Marc Antony could help her achieve this goal.
Cleopatra and Marc Antony combined their armies in order to fight Octavian. The
two forces met at the Battle of Actium. Antony and Cleopatra were defeated by
Octavian and had to retreat to Egypt.
In 44 BC, Julius Caesar was murdered and Cleopatra returned to Egypt. One of the three leaders to emerge in Rome after Caesar's death was Marc Antony. In 41 BC, Cleopatra and Marc Antony met and fell in love. They also formed a military alliance against another of Roman leaders, Octavian. He was the legal heir of Julius Caesar. Cleopatra wanted her son, Caesarion, to be Caesar's heir and to eventually become ruler of Rome. She hoped that Marc Antony could help her achieve this goal.
Cleopatra and Marc Antony combined their armies in order to fight Octavian. The
two forces met at the Battle of Actium. Antony and Cleopatra were defeated by
Octavian and had to retreat to Egypt.
Cleopatra on her deathbed
Death
The death of Cleopatra is covered with mystery and romance. After escaping to Egypt, Marc Antony returned to the battlefield hoping to recover and defeat Octavian. He soon realized that he was going to be captured by Octavian. Upon hearing the false news that Cleopatra had died, Antony killed himself. When Cleopatra heard that Antony was dead, she became very depressed. She killed herself by allowing a poisonous Egyptian cobra snake to bite her on her chest. With Cleopatra's death, Octavian took control of Egypt and it became
part of the Roman Empire. Her death brought an end to the Ptolemy dynasty and the Egyptian Empire. She was the last Pharaoh of Egypt.
The death of Cleopatra is covered with mystery and romance. After escaping to Egypt, Marc Antony returned to the battlefield hoping to recover and defeat Octavian. He soon realized that he was going to be captured by Octavian. Upon hearing the false news that Cleopatra had died, Antony killed himself. When Cleopatra heard that Antony was dead, she became very depressed. She killed herself by allowing a poisonous Egyptian cobra snake to bite her on her chest. With Cleopatra's death, Octavian took control of Egypt and it became
part of the Roman Empire. Her death brought an end to the Ptolemy dynasty and the Egyptian Empire. She was the last Pharaoh of Egypt.
Tutankhamun
Full name: Tutankhaten
Born: 1341 BC, Ancient Egypt
Died: 1323 BC, Ancient Egypt
Occupation: Pharaoh of Egypt
Spouse: Ankhesenamun
Parents: Akhenaten, The Younger Lady
Siblings: Ankhesenamun
Reign: 1332 BC to 1323 BC
Best known for: His tomb which was found full of Egyptian treasure and artifacts
Born: 1341 BC, Ancient Egypt
Died: 1323 BC, Ancient Egypt
Occupation: Pharaoh of Egypt
Spouse: Ankhesenamun
Parents: Akhenaten, The Younger Lady
Siblings: Ankhesenamun
Reign: 1332 BC to 1323 BC
Best known for: His tomb which was found full of Egyptian treasure and artifacts
Early Life
Tutankhamun was born a prince in Egypt's royal court around the year 1341 BC. His father was the Pharaoh Akhenaten. Tutankhamun's birth name was Tutankhaten, which he changed after his father died. Tutankhamunwas an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom. He is popularly referred as King Tut.
He was born to one of his father's lesser wives and not to his main wife, the powerful Nefertiti. His existence may have caused some stress in the royal courts as Nefertiti had only daughters, but desperately wanted to have a son of her own to take over the
throne.
Akhenaten, King Tut's father
Tutankhamun was born a prince in Egypt's royal court around the year 1341 BC. His father was the Pharaoh Akhenaten. Tutankhamun's birth name was Tutankhaten, which he changed after his father died. Tutankhamunwas an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom. He is popularly referred as King Tut.
He was born to one of his father's lesser wives and not to his main wife, the powerful Nefertiti. His existence may have caused some stress in the royal courts as Nefertiti had only daughters, but desperately wanted to have a son of her own to take over the
throne.
A Radical Father
Tutankhamun's father was a religious radical. He changed the entire religion of Ancient Egypt to worship only the sun god Aten. He got away with over a thousand years of traditional Egyptian religion and forced people to change the way they worshiped. He even built a new capital city in honour of the god Aten called Amarna.
Tutankhamun's father was a religious radical. He changed the entire religion of Ancient Egypt to worship only the sun god Aten. He got away with over a thousand years of traditional Egyptian religion and forced people to change the way they worshiped. He even built a new capital city in honour of the god Aten called Amarna.
The Young Pharaoh
At the young age of seven years old Tutankhamun's father died. A few years later Tutankhamun married his sister (which was common for Pharaoh's in Ancient Egypt) and became Pharaoh. Since he was so young he had help ruling the country. The real rulers were a powerful general named Horemheb and Tutankhamun's vizier named Ay.
At the young age of seven years old Tutankhamun's father died. A few years later Tutankhamun married his sister (which was common for Pharaoh's in Ancient Egypt) and became Pharaoh. Since he was so young he had help ruling the country. The real rulers were a powerful general named Horemheb and Tutankhamun's vizier named Ay.
Ruling Egypt
Many people of Egypt had been unhappy with the religious transformations done by his father. Tutankhamun and his advisors tried to fix all the changes that his father had made. Under Tutankhamun, Egypt returned to their old gods and the old temples were repaired. The capital city was also moved back to the city of Memphis. He even changed his name from Tutankhaten,
"the living image of Aten", to Tutankhamun, "the living image of Amun".
King Tut's mummified body
Many people of Egypt had been unhappy with the religious transformations done by his father. Tutankhamun and his advisors tried to fix all the changes that his father had made. Under Tutankhamun, Egypt returned to their old gods and the old temples were repaired. The capital city was also moved back to the city of Memphis. He even changed his name from Tutankhaten,
"the living image of Aten", to Tutankhamun, "the living image of Amun".
Death and Burial
Tutankhamun died around the age of nineteen. Archaeologists aren't sure
what caused his death. Some people think that he was assassinated, but the
likely cause of his death was a wound to his leg. Scientists have determined
that the leg of his mummified body was broken and badly infected before his
death. This injury probably happened from an accident.
Tutankhamun died around the age of nineteen. Archaeologists aren't sure
what caused his death. Some people think that he was assassinated, but the
likely cause of his death was a wound to his leg. Scientists have determined
that the leg of his mummified body was broken and badly infected before his
death. This injury probably happened from an accident.
King Tut's Tomb
Tomb
Tutankhamun is most famous today for his tomb in the Valley of
the Kings. It is likely that his tomb was built for someone else and was used to
bury the young Pharaoh when he died unexpectedly. This may have helped to keep
his tomb hidden from thieves for all these thousands of years. As a result, when
the tomb was finally discovered by archaeologist Howard Carter in 1922, it was
filled with treasure unlike found in any other Pharaoh's tomb
Tutankhamun is most famous today for his tomb in the Valley of
the Kings. It is likely that his tomb was built for someone else and was used to
bury the young Pharaoh when he died unexpectedly. This may have helped to keep
his tomb hidden from thieves for all these thousands of years. As a result, when
the tomb was finally discovered by archaeologist Howard Carter in 1922, it was
filled with treasure unlike found in any other Pharaoh's tomb
Hatshepsut
- Occupation: Pharaoh of Egypt
- Born: 1508 BC
- Died: 1458 BC
- Best known for: The most powerful woman pharaoh
- Died: 1458 BC
Spouse: Thutmose II
Children: Neferure
Siblings: Thutmose II
Parents: Ahmose, Thutmose I
Early Life
Hatshepsut was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Ancient Egypt. She is generally viewed by Egyptologists as one of the most successful pharaohs, reigning longer than any other woman of an indigenous Egyptian dynasty. Hatshepsut was born an Egyptian princess. Her father was the Pharaoh Thutmose I. She grew up in the great royal courts of Egypt with her sister and two brothers. Unfortunately, Hatshepsut's brothers and sister died while they were still young. She remained the only child. Without a son to inherit the thrown, Thutmose I was worried who would be pharaoh after he died. He decided to name one of Hatshepsut's step-brothers as heir. Hatshepsut was married to her step-brother in order to keep the royal line pure. This sounds really strange today, but it was common for Egyptian royalty.
Hatshepsut was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Ancient Egypt. She is generally viewed by Egyptologists as one of the most successful pharaohs, reigning longer than any other woman of an indigenous Egyptian dynasty. Hatshepsut was born an Egyptian princess. Her father was the Pharaoh Thutmose I. She grew up in the great royal courts of Egypt with her sister and two brothers. Unfortunately, Hatshepsut's brothers and sister died while they were still young. She remained the only child. Without a son to inherit the thrown, Thutmose I was worried who would be pharaoh after he died. He decided to name one of Hatshepsut's step-brothers as heir. Hatshepsut was married to her step-brother in order to keep the royal line pure. This sounds really strange today, but it was common for Egyptian royalty.
A Queen
Hatshepsut's dad died a short time after she was married and her husband became the pharaoh Thutmose II. Hatshepsut was now queen of Egypt. Thutmose II, however, was a sickly man. He ruled for only a few years before he died. During this time Hatshepsut had begun to take an active role in running the country. Egypt faced a problem, though. Hatshepsut had not had a son with Thutmose II. The only male heir to the throne was a young boy that was Hatshepsut's nephew Thutmose III. He was crowned the new pharaoh of Egypt at a young age, but Hatshepsut was named regent. She would run the country for him.
Hatshepsut's dad died a short time after she was married and her husband became the pharaoh Thutmose II. Hatshepsut was now queen of Egypt. Thutmose II, however, was a sickly man. He ruled for only a few years before he died. During this time Hatshepsut had begun to take an active role in running the country. Egypt faced a problem, though. Hatshepsut had not had a son with Thutmose II. The only male heir to the throne was a young boy that was Hatshepsut's nephew Thutmose III. He was crowned the new pharaoh of Egypt at a young age, but Hatshepsut was named regent. She would run the country for him.
Becoming Pharaoh
Hatshepsut was a powerful and intelligent leader. There people in the government who were very loyal to her. After a few years of being regent, she decided to become Pharaoh. She had herself named Pharaoh. She took responsibility of the country.
Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut was a powerful and intelligent leader. There people in the government who were very loyal to her. After a few years of being regent, she decided to become Pharaoh. She had herself named Pharaoh. She took responsibility of the country.
Reigning Egypt
Hatshepsut was a gifted and cunning leader. She had to remain in power for 20 years as a woman pharaoh. Rather than go to war, she established trade relationships with many foreign countries. Through trade she made Egypt a rich nation. Her time of rule was a time of peace and prosperity.
Hatshepsut was a gifted and cunning leader. She had to remain in power for 20 years as a woman pharaoh. Rather than go to war, she established trade relationships with many foreign countries. Through trade she made Egypt a rich nation. Her time of rule was a time of peace and prosperity.
Building
One technique that Hatshepsut stayed in power was to construct many buildings and monuments throughout Egypt. She also had many statues of herself at these sites. This way the people continued to think of her as their leader and pharaoh.
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut
One technique that Hatshepsut stayed in power was to construct many buildings and monuments throughout Egypt. She also had many statues of herself at these sites. This way the people continued to think of her as their leader and pharaoh.
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut
The Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, the Djeser-Djeseru, is located beneath the cliffs at Deir el Bahari on the west bank of the Nile near the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. This temple is considered one of the greatest achievements in Egyptian architecture.
The Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, the Djeser-Djeseru, is located beneath the cliffs at Deir el Bahari on the west bank of the Nile near the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. This temple is considered one of the greatest achievements in Egyptian architecture.
Dressing like a Pharaoh
In order for people to accept her as pharaoh, Hatshepsut began to dress like a pharaoh. She wore the pharaoh's headdress with a cobra. She even wore a fake beard and a short kilt like the men wore.
Hatshepsut's mummy
In order for people to accept her as pharaoh, Hatshepsut began to dress like a pharaoh. She wore the pharaoh's headdress with a cobra. She even wore a fake beard and a short kilt like the men wore.
Death
After 22 years of rule Hatshepsut died. She probably died from a blood infection, but it is also known that her nephew, Thutmose III, was not fond of her. He may have had her assassinated. Thutmose III went on to become a great Pharaoh in his own right. It is also said she moisturized herself in poison lotion containing cancer causing tar.
After 22 years of rule Hatshepsut died. She probably died from a blood infection, but it is also known that her nephew, Thutmose III, was not fond of her. He may have had her assassinated. Thutmose III went on to become a great Pharaoh in his own right. It is also said she moisturized herself in poison lotion containing cancer causing tar.